[1]
William E.G., Geothermal energy: Renewable energy and the environment. CRC Press, 2010.
[2]
Johnston I.W., Narsillo G.A., Colls S., Emerging geothermal energy technologies. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2011, 15(4): 643–653.
[3]
Omar E., Haitham A.R., Frede B., Renewable energy resources: Current status, future prospects and their enabling technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014, 39: 748–764.
[4]
BP plc. BP 2017 Statistical Review of World Energy. June 2018.
[5]
Geothermal Energy Association, 2016 annual U.S. & global geothermal power production report. Washington D.C., 2016.
[6]
Brown D.W., Duchane D.V., Heiken G., et al., Mining the Earth’s heat: Hot Dry Rock geothermal energy. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012.
[7]
Tester J.W., Anderson B.J., Batchelor A.S., et al., The future of geothermal energy, impact of enhanced geothermal systems on the United States in the 21st century. MIT Report, 2006.
[8]
Xu R.N., Zhang L., Zhang F.Z., et al., A review on heat transfer and energy conversion in the enhanced geothermal systems with water/CO2 as working fluid. International Journal of Energy Research, 2015, 39(13): 1722–1741.
[9]
Pruess K., Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) using CO2 as working fluid – A novel approach for generating renewable energy with simultaneous sequestration of carbon. Geothermics, 2006, 35: 351–367.
[10]
Zhu J.L., Hu K.Y., Lu X.L., et al., A review of geothermal energy resources, development, and applications in China: Current status and prospects. Energy, 2015, 93: 466–483.
[11]
Olasolo P., Jua´rez M.C., Morales M.P., et al., Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS): A review. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 56: 133–144.
[12]
Moeck I.S., Catalog of geothermal play types based on geologic controls. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014, 37: 867–882.
[13]
Lomize G.M., Flow in fractured rocks (in Russian). Gesemergoizdat, Moscow, Russia, 1951.
[14]
Gangi A.F., Variation of whole and fractured porous rock permeability with confining pressure. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 1978, 15(5): 249–257.
[15]
Berkowitz B., Braester C., Solute transport in fracture channel and parallel plate models. Geophysical Research Letters, 1991, 18(2): 227–230.
[16]
Liu Z.Y., Chen M., Zhang G.Q., Analysis of the influence of a natural fracture network on hydraulic fracture propagation in carbonate formations. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2014, 47(2): 575–587.
[17]
Lanaro F., A random field model for surface roughness and aperture of rock fractures. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2000, 37(8): 1195–1210.
[18]
Gouze P., Noiriel C., Bruderer C., et al., X-ray tomography characterization of fracture surfaces during dissolution. Geophysical Research Letters, 2003, 30(5): 1267.
[19]
Muralidharan V., Chakravarthy D., Putra E., et al., Investigating fracture aperture distributions under various stress conditions using X-Ray CT scanner. Canadian International Petroleum Conference, June 8-10, 2004, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. PETSOC-2004-230.
[20]
Qian J., Zhan H., Zhao W., et al., Experimental study of turbulent unconfined groundwater flow in a single fracture. Journal of Hydrology, 2005, 311(1–4): 134–142.
[21]
Qian J., Chen Z., Zhan H., et al., Experimental study of the effect of roughness and Reynolds number on fluid flow in rough-walled single fractures: a check of local cubic law. Hydrological Processes, 2011, 25(4): 614–622.
[22]
Su G.W., Geller J.T., Pruess K., et al., Experimental studies of water seepage and intermittent flow in unsaturated, rough-walled fractures. Water Resources Research, 1999, 35(4): 1019–1037.
[23]
Noiriel C., Gouze P., Made B., 3D analysis of geometry and flow changes in a limestone fracture during dissolution. Journal of Hydrology, 2013, 486: 211–223.
[24]
Tsang C.F., Neretnieks I., Flow channeling in heterogeneous fractured rocks. Reviews of Geophysics, 1998, 36(2): 275–298.
[25]
Co C.K.D., Pollard D.D., Horne R.N., Towards a better understanding of the impact of fracture roughness on permeability-stress relationships using first principles. 2017, 42nd Stanford Geothermal Workshop Proceedings.
[26]
Hakami E., Larsson E., Aperture measurements and flow experiments on a single natural fracture. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science, 1996, 33(4): 395–404.
[27]
Abelin H., Birgersson L., Widen H., et al., Channelling experiment. Technical report, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, 1990.
[28]
Watanabe N., Hirano N., Tsuchiya N., Determination of aperture structure and fluid flow in a rock fracture by high-resolution numerical modelling on the basis of a flow-through experiment under confining pressure. Water Resources Research, 2008, 44(6): W06412.
[29]
Brown S.R., Fluid flow through rock joints the effect of surface roughness. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1987, 92(B2): 1337–1347.
[30]
Zimmerman R.W., Kumar S., Bodvarsson G.S., Lubrication theory analysis of the permeability of rough-walled fractures. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 1991, 28(4): 325–331.
[31]
Brush D.J., Thomson N.R., Fluid flow in synthetic rough-walled fractures: Navier-Stokes, Stokes, and local cubic law simulations. Water Resource Research, 2003, 39(4): 1085.
[32]
Yeo I.W., Ge S., Applicable range of the Reynolds equation for fluid flow in a rock Fracture. Geosciences Journal, 2005, 9(4): 347–352.
[33]
Ishibashi T., Watanabe N., Hirano N., et al., Upgrading of aperture model based on surface geometry of natural fracture for evaluating channeling flow. GRC Transactions, 2012, 36: 481–486.
[34]
Wang M., Chen Y., Ma G., et al., Influence of surface roughness on nonlinear flow behaviors in 3D self-affine rough fractures: Lattice Boltzmann simulations. Advances in Water Resources, 2016, 96: 373–388.
[35]
Dou Z., Zhou Z., Sleep B.E., Influence of wettability on interfacial area during immiscible liquid invasion into a 3D self-affine rough fracture: Lattice Boltzmann simulations. Advances in Water Resources, 2013, 61: 1–11.
[36]
Zou L.C., Jing L.R., Cvetkovic V., Modeling of flow and mixing in 3D rough-walled rock fracture intersections. Advances in Water Resources, 2017, 107: 1–9.
[37]
Dreuzy J.R., Meheust Y., Pichot G., Influence of fracture scale heterogeneity on the flow properties of three-dimensional discrete fracture networks (DFN). Journal of Geophysical Research, 2012, 117: B11207.
[38]
Zhang L., Jiang P.X., Wang Z., et al., Convective heat transfer of supercritical CO2 in a rock fracture for enhanced geothermal systems. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 115: 923–936.
[39]
Stoffel P., Kuempel A., Mueller D., Cloud-based optimal control of individual borehole heat exchangers in a geothermal field. Journal of Thermal Science, 2022, 31(5): 1253–1265.
[40]
Schifflechner C., Wieland C., Spliethoff H., CO2 Plume Geothermal (CPG) systems for combined heat and power production: an evaluation of various plant configurations. Journal of Thermal Science, 2022, 31(5): 1266–1278.
[41]
Küempel A., Stoffel P., Mueller D., Development of a long-term operational optimization model for a building energy system supplied by a geothermal field. Journal of Thermal Science, 2022, 31(5): 1293–1301.
[42]
Huang S.L., Oelfke S.M., et al., Applicability of fractal characterization and modelling to rock joint profiles. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 1992, 29(2): 89–98.
[43]
Odling N.E., Natural fracture profiles, fractal dimension and joint roughness coefficients. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1994, 27(3): 135–153.
[44]
Schmittbuhl J., Steyer A., Jouniaux L., et al., Fracture morphology and viscous transport. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2008, 45(3): 422–430.
[45]
Mandelbrot B.B., The fractal geometry of nature. Freeman 1982, San Francisco.
[46]
Molz F., Liu H., Szulga J., Fractional Brownian motion and fractional Gaussian noise in subsurface hydrology: a review, presentation of fundamental properties, and extensions. Water Resource Research, 1997, 33(10): 2273–2286.
[47]
Brown S.R., Simple mathematical model of a rough fracture. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1995, 100: 5941–5952.
[48]
Duda A., Koza Z., Matyka M., Hydraulic tortuosity in arbitrary porous media flow. Physical Review E, 2011, 84: 036319.
[49]
Sheikh B., Pak A., Numerical investigation of the effects of porosity and tortuosity on soil permeability using coupled three-dimensional discrete-element method and lattice Boltzmann method. Physical Review E, 2015, 91: 053301.
[50]
Javadi M., Sharifzadeh M., Shahriar K., et al., Critical Reynolds number for nonlinear flow through rough-walled fractures: The role of shear processes. Water Resources Research, 2014, 50: 1789–1804.
[51]
Zhang Z., Nemcik J., Fluid flow regimes and nonlinear flow characteristics in deformable rock fractures. Journal of Hydrology, 2013, 477: 139–151.
[52]
Brown G.O., The history of the Darcy-Weisbach equation for pipe flow resistance. Environmental History of Water Resources, 2002, 38: 34–43.
[53]
Chen Z., Qian, J., Zhan, H., et al., Effect of roughness on water flow through a synthetic single rough fracture. Environmental Earth Science, 2017, 76: 186.