Heat and mass transfer

Numerical and Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Battery Thermal Management System Based on Micro Heat Pipe Array

  • YANG Lulu ,
  • XU Hongbo ,
  • ZHANG Hainan ,
  • CHEN Yiyu ,
  • LIU Ming ,
  • TIAN Changqing
Expand
  • 1. Key Laboratory of Space Energy Conversion Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Online published: 2023-12-01

Supported by

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFE0111200).

Copyright

Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022

Abstract

Battery thermal management is very crucial for the safe and long-term operation of electric vehicles or hybrid electric vehicles. In this study, numerical simulation method is adopted to simulate the temperature field of Li-ion battery cell and module. It is proved that the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of battery cell and module increase with the increase of charge/discharge rate (C-rate) of the battery. For battery module, it can reach a maximum temperature of 61.1°C at a C-rate of 2 under natural convection condition with the ambient temperature of 20.0°C. A battery thermal management system based on micro heat pipe array (BTMS-MHPA) is deeply investigated. Experiments are conducted to compare the cooling effect on the battery module with different cooling methods, which include natural cooling, only MHPA, MHPA with fan. The maximum temperature of battery module which is cooled by MHPA with a fan is 43.4°C at a C-rate of 2, which is lower than that in the condition of natural cooling. Meanwhile, the maximum temperature difference was also greatly reduced by the application of MHPA cooling. The experimental results confirm that the feasibility and superiority of the BTMS-MHPA for guaranteeing the working temperature range and temperature uniformity of the battery.

Cite this article

YANG Lulu , XU Hongbo , ZHANG Hainan , CHEN Yiyu , LIU Ming , TIAN Changqing . Numerical and Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Battery Thermal Management System Based on Micro Heat Pipe Array[J]. Journal of Thermal Science, 2022 , 31(5) : 1531 -1541 . DOI: 10.1007/s11630-022-1604-y

References

[1] An Z., Jia L., Ding Y., et al., A review on lithium-ion power battery thermal management technologies and thermal safety. Journal of Thermal Science, 2017, 26: 391–412.
[2] Chen Y., Zhou H., Dong J., et al., Experimental investigation on refrigeration performance of a CO2 system with intermediate cooling for automobiles. Appllied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 174: 115267.
[3] Wei L., Jia L., An Z., et al., Experimental study on thermal management of cylindrical li-ion battery with flexible microchannel plates. Journal of Thermal Science, 2020, 29: 1001–1009.
[4] Shen J., Wang Y., Yu G., et al., Thermal management of prismatic lithium-ion battery with minichannel cold plate. Journal of Energy Engineering, 2020, 146(1): 04019033.
[5] Rao Z., Wang S., Wu M., et al., Experimental investigation on thermal management of electric vehicle battery with heat pipe. Energy Conversion and Management, 2013, 65: 92–97.
[6] Bandhauer T., Garimella S., Fuller T., A critical review of thermal issues in lithium-ion batteries. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2011, 158(3): R1–R25.
[7] Pesaran A., Battery thermal models for hybrid vehicle simulations. Journal of Power Sources, 2002, 110(2): 377–382.
[8] Thanh-Ha T., Harmand S., Sahut B., Experimental investigation on heat pipe cooling for Hybrid Electric Vehicle and Electric Vehicle lithium-ion battery. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 265: 262–272.
[9] Rao Z., Wang S., A review of power battery thermal energy management. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011, 15(9): 4554–4571.
[10] Wang Q., Jiang B., Li B., et al., A critical review of thermal management models and solutions of lithium-ion batteries for the development of pure electric vehicles. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 64: 106–128.
[11] Kim J., Oh J., Lee H., Review on battery thermal management system for electric vehicles. Appllied Thermal Engineering, 2019, 149: 192–212.
[12] Chen Y., Evans J., Heat-transfer phenomena in lithium polymer electrolyte batteries for electric vehicle application. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1993, 140(7): 1833–1838.
[13] Wu M., Liu K., Wang Y., et al., Heat dissipation design for lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 2002, 109(1): 160–166.
[14] Liang J., Gan Y., Li Y., et al., Thermal and electrochemical performance of a serially connected battery module using a heat pipe-based thermal management system under different coolant temperatures. Energy, 2019, 189: 116233.
[15] Wang S., Lu L., Ren D., et al., Experimental investigation on the feasibility of heat pipe-based thermal management system to prevent thermal runaway propagation. Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, 2019, 16(3): 031006.
[16] Khateeb S., Amiruddin S., Farid M., et al., Thermal management of Li-ion battery with phase change material for electric scooters: experimental validation. Journal of Power Sources, 2005, 142(1–2): 345–353.
[17] Wang Q., Rao Z., Huo Y., et al., Thermal performance of phase change material/oscillating heat pipe-based battery thermal management system. International Journal of Thermal Science, 2016, 102: 9–16.
[18] Zou H., Wang W., Zhang G., et al., Experimental investigation on an integrated thermal management system with heat pipe heat exchanger for electric vehicle. Energy Conversion and Management, 2016, 118: 88–95.
[19] Liang J., Gan Y., Li Y., Investigation on the thermal performance of a battery thermal management system using heat pipe under different ambient temperatures. Energy Conversion and Management, 2018, 155: 1–9.
[20] Yuan W., Yan Z., Tan Z., et al., Heat-pipe-based thermal management and temperature characteristics of Li-ion batteries. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2016, 94(10): 1901–1908.
[21] Liu F ., Lan F., Chen J., Dynamic thermal characteristics of heat pipe via segmented thermal resistance model for electric vehicle battery cooling. Journal of Power Sources, 2016, 321: 57–70.
[22] Zhao Y., Zhang K., Diao Y., Heat pipe with micro-pore tubes array and making method thereof and heat exchanging system, US Patent No: 20110203777A1.
[23] Dan D., Yao C., Zhang Y., et al., Dynamic thermal behavior of micro heat pipe array-air cooling battery thermal management system based on thermal network model. Appllied Thermal Engineering, 2019, 162: 114183.
[24] Mo X., Hu X., Tang J., et al., A comprehensive investigation on thermal management of large-capacity pouch cell using micro heat pipe array. International Journal of Energy Research, 2019, 43(13): 7444–7458.
[25] Rao Z., Zhang X., Investigation on thermal management performance of wedge-shaped microchannels for rectangular Li-ion batteries. International Journal of Energy Research, 2019, 43(8): 3876–3890.
[26] Bernardi D., Pawlikowski E., Newman J., A general energy-balance for battery systems. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1985, 132(1): 5–12.
[27] Pesaran A., Burch S., Keyser M., An approach for designing thermal management systems for electric and hybrid vehicle battery packs. Proceeding of the 4th Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference and Exhibition. London: OSTI. 1999: 1–16.
[28] Wang G., Quan Z., Zhao Y., et al., Performance of a flat-plate micro heat pipe at different filling ratios and working fluids. Appllied Thermal Engineering, 2019, 146: 459–468.
[29] Moffat R., Describing the uncertainties in experimental results. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1988, 1(1): 3–17.
Outlines

/