Influence of Metal Material Properties on Heat and Mass Transfer into Thermal Protection Surface with Phenomenological Catalytic Model

  • LI Qin ,
  • YANG Xiaofeng ,
  • DONG Wei ,
  • DU Yanxia
Expand
  • 1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China 
    2. State Key Laboratory of Aerodynamics, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China

Online published: 2023-11-22

Supported by

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Key Research and Development Plan of China through the project (No. 2019YFA0405202) and National Natural Science Foundation of China through the project (No.12072361).

Copyright

Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023

Abstract

Surface heterogeneous catalysis in a high-enthalpy dissociated environment leads to a remarkable enhancement of aerodynamic heating into the thermal protection surface of hypersonic aircraft. To more accurately predict this catalytic heating, a kinetic catalytic model was constructed. This model involved four elementary reactions, the rates of which were determined on mean-field approximation and surface steady-state reaction assumption. By coupling this model into the viscous wall boundary condition of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver, the influences of metal material catalytic properties on heat and mass transfer into thermal protection materials were numerically investigated. Numerical results showed that atomic oxygen recombination catalyzed by surface material accounts for a major contribution to aerodynamic heating and thus variation in recombination rates from different materials leads to the significant difference in surface heat fluxes. From a comparative analysis of various materials, the catalytic activity increases from the inert platinum (Pt) to nickel (Ni) and finally to the active copper (Cu). As a result, the catalytic heating on Cu surface was more than twice of that on Pt surface. Further parametrical research revealed that the proper layout of inert material at the nose of aircraft could prevent stagnation catalytic heating from thermal damage by carrying near-wall dissociated atoms from the stagnation zone downstream. The material-relied heterogeneous catalysis mechanism in this study provides some technical support for the thermal protection system design of hypersonic aircraft.

Cite this article

LI Qin , YANG Xiaofeng , DONG Wei , DU Yanxia . Influence of Metal Material Properties on Heat and Mass Transfer into Thermal Protection Surface with Phenomenological Catalytic Model[J]. Journal of Thermal Science, 2023 , 32(3) : 993 -1006 . DOI: 10.1007/s11630-023-1803-1

References

[1] Gui Y., Combined thermal phenomena of hypersonic vehicle. Scientia Sinica Physica, Mechanica & Astronomica, 2019, 49(11): 139–153.
[2] Yang X., Xiao G., Du Y., Liu L., Wei D., Gui Y., Heat transfer with interface effects in high-enthalpy and high-speed flow: Modelling review and recent progress. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 195: 116721.
[3] Candler G.V., Rate effects in hypersonic flows. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 2019, 51(1): 379–402.
[4] Shinn J., Moss J., Simmonds A., Viscous-shock-layer heating analysis for the shuttle windward-symmetry plane with surface finite catalytic recombination rates. AIAA/ASME 3rd Joint Thermophysics, Fluids, Plasma and Heat Transfer Conference, St. Louis, Missouri, 1982, AIAA-82-0842.
[5] Gupta R.N., Moss J.N., Simmonds A.L., Shinn J.L., Zoby E.V., Space shuttle heating analysis with variation in angle of attack and catalycity. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 1984, 21(2): 217–219.
[6] Steward D.A., Leiser D.B., Catalytic surface effect on ceramic coatings for an aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicle. Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on composites and advanced ceramic materials, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 1984, pp. 491–505.
[7] Zoby E., Simmonds A., Gupta R., Temperature-dependent reaction-rate expression for oxygen recombination at shuttle entry conditions. AIAA 22nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Reno, Nevada, 1984, AIAA-84-0224.
[8] Kovalev V.L., Kolesnikov A.F., Experimental and theoretical simulation of heterogeneous catalysis in aerothermochemistry (a review). Fluid Dynamics, 2005, 40(5): 669–693.
[9] Nasuti F., Barbato M., Bruno C., Material-dependent catalytic recombination modeling for hypersonic flows. AIAA 28th Thermophysics Conference, Orlando, FL, 1993, AIAA-93-2840.
[10] Kovalev V.L., Kolesnikov A.F., Krupnov A.A., Yakushin M.I., Analysis of phenomenological models describing the catalytic properties of high-temperature reusable coatings. Fluid Dynamics, 1996, 31(6): 910–919.
[11] Kurotaki T., Construction of catalytic model on sio2-based surface and application to real trajectory. 34th Thermophysics Conference, Denver, CO, 2000, AIAA-2000-2366.
[12] Armenise I., Barbato M., Capitelli M., Gorse C., Surface recombination coefficients and boundary-layer hypersonic-flow calculations on different surfaces. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 2004, 41(2): 310–313.
[13] Marschall J., MacLean M., Finite-rate surface chemistry model, i: Formulation and reaction system examples. 42nd AIAA Thermophysics Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, 2011, AIAA-2011-3783.
[14] Seward W.A., Jumper E.J., Model for oxygen recombination on silicon-dioxide surfaces. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 1991, 5(3): 284–291.
[15] Willey R.J., Comparison of kinetic models for atom recombination on high-temperature reusable surface insulation. Journal of Thermophysics & Heat Transfer, 1993, 7(1): 55–62.
[16] Yang X., Gui Y., Tang W., Du Y., Wei D., Xiao G., Liu L., Surface chemical effects on hypersonic nonequilibrium aeroheating in dissociated carbon-oxygen mixture. Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets, 2018, 55(3): 687–697.
[17] Cacciatore M., Rutigliano M., Billing G.D., Eley-rideal and langmuir-hinshelwood recombination coefficients for oxygen on silica surfaces. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 1999, 13(2): 195–203.
[18] Deutschmann O., Riedel U., Warnatz J., Modeling of nitrogen and oxygen recombination on partial catalytic surfaces. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1995, 117(2): 495–501.
[19] Barbato M., Reggiani S., Bruno C., Muylaert J., Model for heterogeneous catalysis on metal surfaces with applications to hypersonic flows. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 2000, 14(3): 412–420.
[20] Armenise I., Barbato M., Capitelli M., Kustova E., State-to-state catalytic models, kinetics, and transport in hypersonic boundary layers. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 2006, 20(3): 465–476.
[21] Norman P., Schwartzentruber T., A computational chemistry methodology for developing an oxygen-silica finite rate catalytic model for hypersonic flows: Part ii. 43rd AIAA Thermophysics Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, 2012, AIAA-2012-3097.
[22] Li K., Liu J., Liu W., A new surface catalytic model for silica-based thermal protection material for hypersonic vehicles. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2015, 28(5): 1355–1361.
[23] Afonina N.E., Gromov V.G., Kovalev V.L., Investigation of the influence of different heterogeneous recombination mechanisms on the heat fluxes to a catalytic surface in dissociated carbon dioxide. Fluid Dynamics, 2002, 37(1): 117–125.
[24] Guerra V., Analytical model of heterogeneous atomic recombination on silicalike surfaces. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2007, 35(5): 1397–1412.
[25] MacLean M., Marineau E., Parker R., Dufrene A., Holden M., Desjardin P., Effect of surface catalysis on measured heat transfer in an expansion tunnel facility. 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, Nashville, Tennessee, 2012, AIAA-2012-0651.
[26] Meng S., Zeng Q., Jin H., Wang L., Xu C., Evaluation of atomic oxygen catalytic coefficient of ZrB2-SiC by laser-induced fluorescence up to 1473 K. Measurement Science and Technology, 2018, 29(7): 075207.
[27] Balat M.H., Czerniak M., Badie J.M., Ceramics catalysis evaluation at high temperature using thermal and chemical approaches. Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets, 1999, 36(2): 273–279.
[28] Kim I., Park G., Experimental study of oxygen catalytic recombination on a smooth surface in a shock tube. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2019, 156: 678–691.
[29] Stamatakis, Michail, Kinetic modelling of heterogeneous catalytic systems. Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, 2015, 27(1): 013001.
[30] Keil F.J., Complexities in modeling of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 2013, 65(10): 1674–1697.
[31] Li Q., Phenomenological modeling of heterogeneous catalysis and numerical simulation of aerodynamic heating on aircraft surface. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 2021.
[32] Gui Y., Liu L., Dai G., Zhang L., Research status of hypersonic vehicle fluid-thermal-solid coupling and software development. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2017, 38(7): 020844.
[33] Yang X., Guo Y., Tang W., Gui Y., Du Y., High-temperature real-gas effects and aerodynamic heating for capsules entering martian atmosphere. Journal of Astronautics, 2018, 39(9): 959–967.
[34] Yang X., Gui Y., Qiu B., Du Y., Xiao G., Numerical investigation on influence of surface two-step catalytic mechanism on non-equilibrium aerodynamic heating for high-enthalpy CO2 flow. Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 2020, 42(1): 108–116.
[35] Yang X., Hypersonic aerodynamic heating characterictics and coupling thermal effects for mars entry vehicles. China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang, 2017.
[36] Turkel E., Van Leer B., Flux vector splitting and runge-kutta methods for the Euler equations. Ninth international conference on numerical methods in fluid dynamics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1985, pp. 566–570.
[37] Anderson W.K., Thomas J.L., Leer B.V., Comparison of finite volume flux vector splittings for the Euler equations. AIAA Journal, 1986, 24(9): 1453–1460.
[38] Yoon S., Jameson A., An lu-ssor scheme for the euler and navier-stokes equations. 25th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, 1987, AIAA-87-0600.
[39] Gupta R., Lee K., An aerothermal study of mesur pathfinder aeroshell. 6th Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference, CoIorado Springs, CO, 1994, AIAA-94-2025.
[40] Li Q., Yang X., Dong W., Du Y., Numerical simulation on influence of adsorption on surface heterogenerous catalysis process of hypersonic vehicle. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2021, 55(11): 1352–1361.

Outlines

/