[1] Fang Y.T., Huang J.J., Wang Y., Zhang B.J., Experiment and mathematical modeling of a bench-scale circulating fluidized bed gasifier. Fuel Processing Technology, 2001, 69(1): 29–44.
[2] Tsui H., Wu C.H., Operating concept of circulating fluidized bed gasifier from the kinetic point of view. Powder Technology, 2003, 132 (2): 167–183.
[3] Yang S., Wang S., Wang H., Numerical study of biomass gasification in a 0.3 MWth full-loop circulating fluidized bed gasifier. Energy Conversion and Management, 2020, 223(1): 113439.
[4] Duan F., Jin B., Huang Y., Li B., Wu Y., Zhang M., Results of bituminous coal gasification upon exposure to a pressurized pilot-plant circulating fluidized-bed (CFB) reactor. Energy & Fuels, 2010, 24(5): 3150–3158.
[5] Wang X., Zhu Z., Wang K., Yu K., Lyu Q., Experimental study of pilot-scale CFB gasification: Effect of gasifying agent and coal feeding modes on the gasification performance. Fuel, 2019, 251(5): 603–610.
[6] Park S.W., Lee J.S., Yang W.S., Alam M.T., Seo Y.C., Lee S.Y., Gasification characteristics of biomass for tar removal by secondary oxidant injection. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2018, 20(2): 823–831.
[7] Zhang R., Hao Z., Wang Z., Huo X., Li J., Song S., Fang Y., Gas mixing in a multi-stage conversion fluidized bed (MFB) with secondary air injection. Part I: an experimental study. RSC Advances, 2016, 6(43): 36642–36655.
[8] Cho Y.J., Namkung W., Kim S.D., Park S.W., Effect of secondary air injection on axial solid holdup distribution in a circulating fluidized-bed. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 1994, 27(2): 158–164.
[9] Ersoy L.E., Golriz M.R., Koksal M., Hamdullahpur F., Circulating fluidized bed hydrodynamics with air staging: an experimental study. Powder Technology, 2004, 145(1): 25–33.
[10] Zheng W., Zhang M., Zhang Y., Lyu J., Yang H., The effect of the secondary air injection on the gas-solid flow characteristics in the circulating fluidized bed. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2019, 141: 220–228.
[11] Peng B., Zhang C., Zhu J., Improvement of the uniformity of radial Solids concentration profiles in circulating fluidized-bed risers. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2012, 35(4): 627–634.
[12] Koksal M., Hamdullahpur F., CFD simulation of the gas-solid flow in the riser of a circulating fluidized bed with secondary air injection. Chemical Engineering Communications, 2005, 192(9): 1151–1179.
[13] Marzocchella A., Arena U., Hydrodynamics of a circulating fluidized bed operated with different secondary air injection devices. Powder Technology, 1996, 87(3): 185–191.
[14] Koksal M., Hamdullahpur F., Gas mixing in circulating fluidized beds with secondary air injection. Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2004, 82(A8): 979– 992.
[15] Mo X., Wang P., Yang H., Lv J., Zhang M., Liu Q., A hydrodynamic model for circulating fluidized beds with low riser and tall riser. Powder Technology, 2015, 274: 146–153.
[16] Wang Z., Cheng Z., Fang Y., Huang J., Hao Z., Wang Y., Hydrodynamic characteristics of multi-stage conversion fluidized bed (MFB). Fuel Processing Technology, 2013, 115: 99–109.
[17] Wang,S. Luo K., Hu C.S., Fan J.R., CFD-DEM study of the effect of cyclone arrangements on the gas-solid flow dynamics in the full-loop circulating fluidized bed. Chemical Engineering Science, 2017, 172: 199–215.
[18] Wang Z., Sun S., Meng X., Wu S., Tan Y., Effects of coarse particle addition on solids distribution of CFB with air-staging. Energy Education Science and Technology Part A-Energy Science and Research, 2011, 28(1): 1–8.
[19] Ma Q., Lei F., Xu X., Xiao Y., Three-dimensional full-loop simulation of a high-density CFB with standpipe aeration experiments. Powder Technology, 2017, 320: 574–585.
[20] Huang Y., Zhang M., Lyu J., Liu Z., Yang H., Effects of gas leakage on the separation performance of a cyclone. Part 2: Simulation. Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2018, 136: 906–915.
[21] Fassani F.L., Goldstein L., A study of the effect of high inlet solids loading on a cyclone separator pressure drop and collection efficiency. Powder Technology, 2000, 107(1): 60–65.
[22] Yao X., Yang H., Zhang H., Zhou C., Liu Q., Yue G., Gas solid flow behaviour in the standpipe of a circulating fluidized bed with a loop seal. Energy & Fuels, 2011, 25(1): 246–250.
[23] Basu P., Butler J., Studies on the operation of loop-seal in circulating fluidized bed boilers. Applied Energy, 2009, 86(9): 1723–1731.
[24] Zhang Y., Zhang M., Yao X., Lyu J., Yang H., The exit impact on segregation of binary particles in the CFB system. Powder Technology, 2018, 339: 930–938.
[25] Won Y.S., Youn P.S., Kim D., Joo J.B., Choi J.H., Ryu H.J., Bed pressure drop of a bubbling fluidized-bed with overflow solid discharge. Advanced Powder Technology, 2019, 30(6): 1165–1173.
[26] Bai D.L., Kato K., Saturation carrying-capacity of gas and flow regimes in CFB. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 1995, 28(2): 179–185.
[27] Li T., Pougatch K., Salcudean M., Grecov D., Numerical simulation of horizontal jet penetration in a three-dimensional fluidized bed. Powder Technology, 2008, 184(1): 89–99.
[28] Kim J.H., Shakourzadeh K., Analysis and modelling of solid flow in a closed loop circulating fluidized bed with secondary air injection. Powder Technology, 2000, 111(3): 179–185.
[29] Choi J.H., Kim K.J., Kim S.D., Effect of secondary gas injection on the particle entrainment rate in a gas fluidized bed. Powder Technology, 1997, 90(3): 227–233.
[30] Chen J., Lu X., Liu H., Liu J., The effect of solid concentration on the secondary air-jetting penetration in a bubbling fluidized bed. Powder Technology, 2008, 185(2): 164–169.
[31] Li T., Pougatch K., Salcudean M., Grecov D., Numerical simulation of single and multiple gas jets in bubbling fluidized beds. Chemical Engineering Science, 2009, 64(3): 4884–4898.
