Theory, Design and Flow Analysis of Regenerative Hydrogen Pump in Anode Recirculation Loop for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System

  • YANG Tao ,
  • SUN Jinju ,
  • SUN Shan ,
  • HUO Changjiang
Expand
  • School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

Online published: 2025-10-29

Copyright

Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025

Abstract

Based on flow decomposition, the integrals of the moment of momentum equation, flow equation and energy equation of regenerative hydrogen pumps are established. Among them, the inflow of impeller passage is expressed as the result of outflow and the forces in side channel. Additionally, a new design procedure is developed based on this flow model. Through this procedure, the main geometric parameters of flow passage parts can be obtained from the required pressure rise and flowrate. A parametric study of blade angle and blade number is carried out as a necessary part of the content completion for the design procedure. Based on the flow model, the simulation results of the flow field with different flowrates, rotational speeds, blade angles and blade numbers are analyzed; while the reasons for the variation of efficiency and pressure rise with these parameters are discussed. At the same time, the range of blade angles and blade numbers that are beneficial to performance is summarized.

Cite this article

YANG Tao , SUN Jinju , SUN Shan , HUO Changjiang . Theory, Design and Flow Analysis of Regenerative Hydrogen Pump in Anode Recirculation Loop for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System[J]. Journal of Thermal Science, 2025 , 34(6) : 2104 -2122 . DOI: 10.1007/s11630-025-2178-2

References

[1] Franzese N., Dincer I., Sorrentino M., A new multigenerational solar-energy based system for electricity, heat and hydrogen production. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 171: 115085.
[2] Qureshy A., Dincer I., Investigation of a solar hydrogen generating system design. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 193: 117008.
[3] Zhang Q., Chang Z., Fu M., et al., Thermal and electrochemical performance analysis of an integrated solar SOEC reactor for hydrogen production. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 229: 120603.
[4] Liu J., Jiang Y., Zhang X., et al., Performance optimization of an HT-PEMFC and PSA integrated system with impure hydrogen containing CO2. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2022, 214: 118859.
[5] Prasad J.S., Muthukumar P., Performance and energy efficiency of a solid-state hydrogen storage system: An experimental study on La0.7Ce0.1Ca0.3Ni5. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2022, 216: 119030.
[6] Martin S., Jean-Michel N., Fonteyn P., Stability of hydrogen turbopump rotor shaft axially self-balanced. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2022, 144: 091206.
[7] Chen J., Xiao L., Wu Y., et al., Dynamic simulation of the potential of integrating a turbo-expander in a hydrogen refueling station. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2022, 202: 117889.
[8] Siegel J., Bohac S., Stefanopoulou A., et al., Nitrogen front evolution in purged polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with dead-ended anode. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2010, 157(7): 1081–1093.
[9] Migliardini F., Capasso C., Corbo P., Optimization of hydrogen feeding procedure in PEM fuel cell systems for transportation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39: 21746–21752.
[10] Staschewski D., Internal humidifying of PEM fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1996, 21: 381–385.
[11] Nonobe Y., Development of the fuel cell vehicle mirai. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2017, 12: 5–9.
[12] Benjamin B., Abdellatif M., Proton exchange membrane fuel cell air management in automotive applications. Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, 2010, 7: 041007.
[13] Giuffrida A., Adding the teaching of claw rotor compressors to fluid machinery courses. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education, 2011, 39: 1–16.
[14] Badami M., Mura M., Theoretical model with experimental validation of a regenerative blower for hydrogen recirculation in a PEM fuel cell system. Energy Conversion and Management, 2010, 51(3): 553–560.
[15] Sixsmith H., Altmann H., A regenerative compressor. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 1977, 99: 637–647.
[16] Gessner R.L., Multistage, gas bearing, helium compressor development. Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 1967, 12: 631–639.
[17] Raheel M., Engeda A., Current status, design and performance trends for the regenerative flow compressors and pumps. Proceedings of the ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Process Industries, New Orleans, USA, 2022, Paper No. IMECE2002-39594. 
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2002-39594.
[18] Engeda A., Raheel M., Theory and design of the regenerative flow compressor. Proceedings of the International Gas Turbine Congress, Tokyo, Japan, 2003, pp. 1–9. 
https://xueshu.baidu.com/usercenter/paper/show?paperid=126909c529678317fd7dfbf68d09ae66.
[19] Raheel M., Engeda A., Performance characteristics of regenerative flow compressors for natural gas compression application. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 2005, 127(1): 7–14.
[20] Song J., Raheel M., Engeda A., A compressible flow theory for regenerative compressors with aerofoil blades. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 2003, 217(11): 1241–1257.
[21] Engeda A., Elkacimi Y., A regenerative flow compressor as a secondary air pump for engine emission control. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 2008, 222(9): 1707–1715.
[22] Kang S., Ryu S., Reynolds number effects on the performance characteristic of a small regenerative pump. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2009, 131(6): 061104.
[23] Badami M., Mura M., Leakage effects on the performance characteristics of a regenerative blower. Energy Conversion and Management, 2012, 55: 20–25.
[24] Badami M., Mura M., Setup and validation of a regenerative compressor model applied. Energy Conversion and Management, 2011, 52(5): 2157–2164.
[25] Badami M., Mura M., Comparison between 3D and 1D simulations of a regenerative blower for fuel. Energy Conversion and Management, 2012, 55: 93–100.
[26] Chan L., Gwon H., The design, performance and CFD analyses of regenerative blower used for fuel cell system. 4th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications. Vienna, Austria, 2014, 751–755. 
DOI: 10.5220/0005104007510755.
[27] ANSYS Inc., Ansys CFX-Solver Modeling Guide, Ansys Inc, Canonsburg, 2022.
[28] ANSYS Inc., Ansys CFX-Solver Theory Guide, Ansys Inc, Canonsburg, 2022.
Outlines

/