[1] Wright I.G., Gibbons T.B., Recent developments in gas turbine materials and technology and their implications for syngas firing. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2007, 32(16): 3610–3621.
[2] Bauer H.J., New low emission strategies and combustor designs for civil aeroengine applications. Progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics, 2004, 4(3–5): 130–142.
[3] Wang C., Yue Z., Zhao Y., et al., Numerical simulation of the high-boosting influence on mixing, combustion and emissions of high-power-density engine. Journal of Thermal Science, 2023, 32(3): 933–946.
[4] Ren Z., Lu Z., Hou L., et al., Numerical simulation of turbulent combustion: Scientific challenges. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2014, 57(8): 1495–1503.
[5] Chaouat B., The state of the art of hybrid RANS/LES modeling for the simulation of turbulent flows. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 2017, 99(2): 279–327.
[6] Rezaeiha A., Montazeri H., Blocken B., CFD analysis of dynamic stall on vertical axis wind turbines using Scale-Adaptive Simulation (SAS): Comparison against URANS and hybrid RANS/LES. Energy Conversion and Management, 2019, 196: 1282–1298.
[7] Luo G., Dai H., Dai L., et al., Review on large eddy simulation of turbulent premixed combustion in tubes. Journal of Thermal Science, 2020, 29(4): 853–867.
[8] Syawitri T.P., Yao Y.F., Chandra B., et al., Comparison study of URANS and hybrid RANS-LES models on predicting vertical axis wind turbine performance at low, medium and high tip speed ratio ranges. Renewable Energy, 2021, 168: 247–269.
[9] Sagaut P., Large eddy simulation for incompressible flows: an introduction. Third ed., Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, 2005.
[10] Kawai S., Larsson J., Wall-modeling in large eddy simulation: length scales, grid resolution, and accuracy. Physics of Fluids, 2012, 24(1): 015105.
[11] Hanjalić K., Kenjereš S., Some developments in turbulence modeling for wind and environmental engineering. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2008, 96(10–11): 1537–1570.
[12] Spalart P.R., Detached-eddy simulation. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 2009, 41(1): 181–202.
[13] Tessicini F., Temmerman L., Leschziner M.A., Approximate near-wall treatments based on zonal and hybrid RANS-LES methods for LES at high Reynolds numbers. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2006, 27(5): 789–799.
[14] Girimaji S.S., Partially-averaged Navier-Stokes model for turbulence: A Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes to direct numerical simulation bridging method. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2006, 73(3): 413–421.
[15] Chaouat B., Schiestel R., Hybrid RANS/LES simulations of the turbulent flow over periodic hills at high Reynolds number using the PITM method. Computers & Fluids, 2013, 84: 279–300.
[16] Han X.S., Krajnović S., An efficient very large eddy simulation model for simulation of turbulent flow. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 2013, 71(11): 1341–1360.
[17] Han X.S., Krajnović S., Validation of a novel very large eddy simulation method for simulation of turbulent separated flow. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 2013, 73(5): 436–461.
[18] Han X.S., Krajnović S., Very-large-eddy simulation based on k-ω model. AIAA Journal, 2015, 53(4): 1103–1108.
[19] Speziale C.G., Turbulence modeling for time-dependent RANS and VLES: A review. AIAA Journal, 1998, 36(2): 173–184.
[20] Xia Z.Y., Han X.S., Mao J.K., Assessment and validation of very-large-eddy simulation turbulence modeling for strongly swirling turbulent flow. AIAA Journal, 2020, 58(1): 148–163.
[21] Pope S.B., Ren Z., Efficient implementation of chemistry in computational combustion. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 2009, 82(4): 437–453.
[22] Wang H., Zhou H., Ren Z., et al., Transported PDF simulation of turbulent CH4/H2 flames under MILD conditions with particle-level sensitivity analysis. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2019, 37(4): 4487–4495.
[23] Ren Z., Goldin G.M., Hiremath V., et al., Simulations of a turbulent non-premixed flame using combined dimension reduction and tabulation for combustion chemistry. Fuel, 2013, 105: 636–644.
[24] Van Oijen J.A., Donini A., Bastiaans R.J.M., et al., State-of-the-art in premixed combustion modeling using flamelet generated manifolds. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2016, 57: 30–74.
[25] Boucher A., Bertier N., Dupoirieux F., A method to extend flamelet manifolds for prediction of NOx and long time scale species with tabulated chemistry. International Journal of Sustainable Aviation, 2014, 1(2): 181–202.
[26] Hao N.T., A chemical reactor network for oxides of nitrogen emission prediction in gas turbine combustor. Journal of Thermal Science, 2014, 23(3): 279–284.
[27] Monaghan R.F., Tahir R., Cuoci A., et al., Detailed multi-dimensional study of pollutant formation in a methane diffusion flame. Energy & Fuels, 2012, 26(3): 1598–1611.
[28] Khodayari H., Ommi F., Saboohi Z., A review on the applications of the chemical reactor network approach on the prediction of pollutant emissions. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 2020, 92(4): 551–570.
[29] Ehrhardt K., Toqan P., Jansohn P., et al., Modeling of NOx reburning in a pilot scale furnace using detailed reaction kinetics. Combustion Science and Technology, 1998, 131: 131–146.
[30] Benedetto D., Pasini S., Falcitelli M., et al., NOx emission prediction from 3-D complete modelling to reactor network analysis. Combustion Science and Technology, 2000, 153(1): 279–294.
[31] Innocenti A., Andreini A., Bertini D., Turbulent flow-field effects in a hybrid CFD-CRN model for the prediction of NOx and CO emissions in aero-engine combustors. Fuel, 2018, 215: 853–864.
[32] Vashishtha A., Yousefian S., Goldin G., et al., CFD-CRN study of NOx formation in a high-pressure combustor fired with lean premixed CH4/H2-air mixtures. ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection, GT2020-14819, V04AT04A043.
[33] Ahmad N., Nairui L., Tariq M., et al., NOx emission prediction analysis and comparison in gas turbine combustor utilizing CFD and CRN combined approach. 2019 Sixth International Conference on Aerospace Science and Engineering (ICASE), Islamabad, Pakistan, 2019, 11: 12–14.
[34] Frassoldati A., Frigerio S., Colombo E., et al., Determination of NOx emissions from strong swirling confined flames with an integrated CFD-based procedure. Chemical Engineering Science, 2005, 60(4–6): 2851–2869.
[35] Lyra S., Cant R.S., Analysis of high pressure premixed flames using equivalent reactor networks for predicting NOx emissions. Fuel, 2013, 107: 261–268.
[36] Novosselov I.V., Malte P.C., Development and application of an eight-step global mechanism for CFD and CRN simulations of lean-premixed combustors. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2008, 130(2): 021502.
[37] Fichet V., Kanniche M., Plion P., et al., A reactor network model for predicting NOx emissions in gas turbines. Fuel, 2010, 89(9): 2202–2210.
[38] Fackler K.B., Karalus M.F., Novosselov I.V., et al., Experimental and numerical study of NOx formation from the lean premixed combustion of CH4 mixed with CO2 and N2. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2011, 133(12): 121502.
[39] Shaheed R., Mohammadian A., Gildeh H.K., A comparison of standard k-ε and realizable k-ε turbulence models in curved and confluent channels. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 2019, 19(2): 543–568.
[40] Bulat M.P., Bulat P.V., Comparison of turbulence models in the calculation of supersonic separated flows. World Applied Sciences Journal, 2013, 27(10): 1263–1266.
[41] Shih T.H., Liou W.W., Shabbir A., et al., A new k-ϵ eddy viscosity model for high Reynolds number turbulent flows - Model development and validation. Computers & Fluids, 1995, 24(3): 227-238.
[42] Menter F.R., Improved two-equation k-w turbulence models for aerodynamic flows. NASA, 1992, TM103975.
[43] Khosravi Nikou M.R., Ehsani M.R., Turbulence models application on CFD simulation of hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer in a structured packing. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2008, 35(9): 1211–1219.
[44] Menter F.R., Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications. AIAA Journal, 1994, 32(8): 1598–1605.
[45] Barlow R.S., Frank J.H., Effects of turbulence on species mass fraction in methane/air jet flames. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 1998, 27(1): 1087–1095.
[46] Elbahloul S., Rigopoulos S., Rate-controlled constrained equilibrium (RCCE) simulations of turbulent partially premixed flames (Sandia D/E/F) and comparison with detailed chemistry. Combustion and Flame, 2015, 162(5): 2256–2271.
[47] Gruber M.R., Nejadt A.S., Chen T.H., et al., Mixing and penetration studies of sonic jets in a Mach 2 freestream. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 1995, 11(2): 315–323.