Experimental Studies of RP-3 Partially Premixed Jet Flames

Bipro GAIN, Samuel DANIEL, Muhammad BILAL, Muhammad YOUSUF, Zhenyu TIAN

Journal of Thermal Science ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3) : 780-788.

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Journal of Thermal Science ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3) : 780-788. DOI: 10.1007/s11630-025-2133-2

Experimental Studies of RP-3 Partially Premixed Jet Flames

  • Bipro GAIN1,2, Samuel DANIEL1,2, Muhammad BILAL1,2, Muhammad YOUSUF1,2, Zhenyu TIAN1,2,3*
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Abstract

Soot nanoparticles produced during combustion exhibit diverse nanostructures, which are affected by different combustion parameters such as flame stoichiometry and temperature. This work focuses on characterizing RP-3 jet flame properties and exploring the intricate relationship between the effect of temperature and carbon formation. The observed flame length displayed a notable increase in proportion to the equivalence ratio’s growth. The flame color underwent a great transformation, evolving from pale blue in fuel-lean conditions to bright green at stoichiometric levels, and to brilliant yellow under fuel-rich conditions. Through systematic sampling and thorough observation of soot morphology at different flame heights, there is a clear correlation between the height of the flame and the acceleration of carbon agglomerate growth. Furthermore, an insightful observation is presented wherein the rise in flame height leads to a gradual reduction in the contribution of surface growth to the overall soot particle size. These findings contribute significantly to the understanding of the complex interplay between combustion conditions and soot nanostructures. The trends in flame characteristics, coupled with insights into soot morphology, provide a foundation for comprehending the underlying mechanisms governing soot formation in RP-3 flames. These results contribute to the understanding of combustion dynamics, offering valuable perspectives for optimizing combustion processes and elucidating the environmental implications of flame-formed soot.

Key words

RP-3 combustion / soot formation mechanism / Raman spectroscopy / jet flame structure / flame temperature

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Bipro GAIN, Samuel DANIEL, Muhammad BILAL, Muhammad YOUSUF, Zhenyu TIAN. Experimental Studies of RP-3 Partially Premixed Jet Flames[J]. Journal of Thermal Science, 2025, 34(3): 780-788 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-025-2133-2

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program (2021YFA0716200/ 2022YFB4003900) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52325604). We are also grateful for the financial support from the ANSO scholarship.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
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