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Journal of Thermal Science

热科学学报

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2024 , Vol. 33 >Issue 4: 1468 - 1479

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-024-1991-3

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Thermal Performance of a 4 K High-Frequency Pulse Tube Cryocooler with Different Working Fluids

  • GAO Zhaozhao ,
  • YANG Biao ,
  • FAN Xiaoyu ,
  • CHEN Liubiao ,
  • WANG Junjie
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  • 1. Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

网络出版日期: 2024-07-15

基金资助

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.12073058), the China National Space Administration (No. D050104, D040305), and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 2019030).

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Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024
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Thermal Performance of a 4 K High-Frequency Pulse Tube Cryocooler with Different Working Fluids

  • GAO Zhaozhao ,
  • YANG Biao ,
  • FAN Xiaoyu ,
  • CHEN Liubiao ,
  • WANG Junjie
Expand
  • 1. Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Online published: 2024-07-15

Supported by

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.12073058), the China National Space Administration (No. D050104, D040305), and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 2019030).

Copyright

Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024
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摘要

高频脉冲管制冷机（HPTC）因结构紧凑，没有低温运动部件，是一种颇具应用前景的小型低温制冷技术。然而，受限于4He的非理想气体效应，HPTC 很难在液氦温区获得较高制冷性能。3He 作为工质可以有效提升 HPTC 的制冷性能，但其高昂的成本阻碍了它的广泛应用。为兼顾制冷性能和成本，本文探讨了利用 3He-4He 混合物作为 HPTC 工质的可行性。首先开展了基于 4He 的 HPTC实验研究，在总功耗为 575 W 的情况下，最低测试温度为 3.26 K；在 4.2 K 时的冷量为 20.8 mW。进一步依据工质热物性，计算了不同组分 3He-4He 混合物为工质时制冷机的理论最高效率。然后对 HPTC 进行了整机建模，探究了不同组分工质对双向进气和惯性管等结构参数以及压力和频率等运行参数的影响规律。计算结果表明，如果使用等摩尔 3He-4He 混合工质和纯 3He工质，4.2 K时制冷量有望分别提高至 36 mW 和 53 mW。

关键词： high-frequency pulse tube cryocooler; 3He-4He mixture; liquid helium temperature; thermally coupled

本文引用格式

GAO Zhaozhao , YANG Biao , FAN Xiaoyu , CHEN Liubiao , WANG Junjie . Thermal Performance of a 4 K High-Frequency Pulse Tube Cryocooler with Different Working Fluids[J]. 热科学学报, 2024 , 33(4) : 1468 -1479 . DOI: 10.1007/s11630-024-1991-3

Abstract

The high-frequency pulse tube cryocooler (HPTC) represents a promising miniature cryocooling technology due to its compact structure and the absence of low-temperature moving components. However, limited to the non-ideal gas effect of 4He, the HPTC is hard to obtain high cooling performance in the liquid helium temperature range. 3He as the working fluid can effectively improve the cooling performance of the HPTC, but the high cost hinders its wide application. In consideration of both cooling performance and cost-effectiveness, this paper explores the feasibility of utilizing 3He-4He mixtures as the working fluid for HPTCs. Firstly, the experimental results of a developed HPTC based 4He are reported. With a total power consumption of 575 W, the lowest temperature of 3.26 K was observed. And the measured cooling power at 4.2 K was 20.8 mW. Then the theoretical utmost efficiency of the cryocooler was calculated in terms of the thermophysical properties of the working fluids, using 3He-4He mixtures with different compositions as the working fluids. The whole machine modeling of the HPTC was further carried out, and the influence of the working fluids with different components on the structural parameters such as double-inlet and inertance tube, and operating parameters such as pressure and frequency were analyzed. The calculated results show that the cooling power is expected to be increased to 36 mW and 53 mW if the equimolar 3He-4He mixture and pure 3He are used, respectively.

Key words： high-frequency pulse tube cryocooler; 3He-4He mixture; liquid helium temperature; thermally coupled

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