传热传质

Droplet Evaporation to Boiling in Van Der Waals Fluid

  • XIONG Hongbing ,
  • WANG Qichao ,
  • ZHANG Chengyu ,
  • WANG Huigang ,
  • LIN Jianzhong
展开
  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
    2. Xiaomi Communication Technology, Shanghai 200235, China

网络出版日期: 2023-12-01

基金资助

The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11972321 and 91852102).

版权

Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022

Droplet Evaporation to Boiling in Van Der Waals Fluid

  • XIONG Hongbing ,
  • WANG Qichao ,
  • ZHANG Chengyu ,
  • WANG Huigang ,
  • LIN Jianzhong
Expand
  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
    2. Xiaomi Communication Technology, Shanghai 200235, China

Online published: 2023-12-01

Supported by

The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11972321 and 91852102).

Copyright

Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022

摘要

采用光滑粒子流体力学方法研究了在真空或蒸汽室中过热液滴蒸发的蒸发和沸腾。基于Navier-Stokes-Korteweg方程和范德华状态方程,建立了具有扩散界面的汽液两相流体的数值模型,可用于分析不同初始温度和密度条件下液滴的自发相分离过程。首先通过范德华状态方程的理论分析数据验证了液滴的相平衡状态,并将液滴表面张力与其他人的实验结果和数值模拟结果进行了比较,吻合良好。其次,在液滴从蒸发到沸腾的动态过程中,分析了液滴的形态、密度、温度和熵增量的变化过程。并总结出四种相变模式,即从表面蒸发、内部气泡、碎片和爆炸,以及闪蒸,其相变模式主要取决于液滴的等效过热度,即无量纲的过热度与表面张力的比值。研究结果表明,当等效过热度小于1/3时,表面蒸发时形状不变,仅液滴温度和密度略有下降。如果超过1/3,液滴内部会产生稳定的空泡。我们用畴生长理论计算了液滴破碎产生的液核和液环的生长规律。我们发现,液滴在等效过热度接近0.52时,液滴内部有明显的气泡膨胀但外部液环可以维持稳定。当等效过热度大于1时,液滴的生长和膨胀将导致液环碎裂,液滴爆炸形成许多小的二次液滴。这些二次液滴的平均质量和平均直径与膨胀率呈幂律关系。当等效过热度大于3时,液滴发生快速闪蒸。其内外压力差与环境压力呈负的线性关系。另外还发现,相比增加环境压力,增加环境气体密度可以更好地延缓冲击波的传播速度。

本文引用格式

XIONG Hongbing , WANG Qichao , ZHANG Chengyu , WANG Huigang , LIN Jianzhong . Droplet Evaporation to Boiling in Van Der Waals Fluid[J]. 热科学学报, 2022 , 31(3) : 790 -801 . DOI: 10.1007/s11630-022-1620-y

Abstract

Superheated droplets vaporized in a vacuum or vapor chamber was studied using smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. The two-phase fluids of vapor and liquid with a diffused interface were modeled by Navier-Stokes-Korteweg equations, with the van der Waals equation of state. The liquid-vapor separation was processed with different initial temperature and density. Simulation was firstly validated by the proper equilibrium states with analytical data from the binodal line of Maxwell construction, as well as the droplet surface tension compared with experimental and other groups’ numerical data in a good agreement. Droplet morphology, density, temperature and entropy increment were then carefully examined during the dynamic process from evaporation to boiling. Four phase transitions patterns were concluded, namely from surface evaporation, internal bubble, fragment and explosion, to flash boiling with increasing equivalent superheat degree that is defined by the non-dimensional superheat temperature over surface tension. Results showed that droplet temperature and density decreased slightly at surface evaporation when equivalent superheat degree was lower than 1/3. Above this criterion, the internal bubble could be sustained. Growth of new liquid nucleates and connected secondary liquid ring were calculated by domain growth theory. We found that droplet continuous to expand at high superheat but withdrawn at equivalent superheat degree equal to or lower than 0.52. At equivalent superheat degree higher than 1, the growth and expansion of droplet resulted in liquid fragment and explosion to many small secondary droplets. Mean mass and diameter of these droplets were found to have power-law dependency on the expansion rate. Finally, fast flash boiling occurred at equivalent superheat degree higher than 3. The vapor pressure in the chamber showed a negative linear correlation between the overpressure and the atmospheric pressure. We also found out that comparing to increase the pressure value, dense gas had better efficiency on retarding the propagation of shock wave.

参考文献

[1] Abramzon B., Sirignano W.A., Droplet vaporization model for spray combustion calculations. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1989, 32: 1605–1618.
[2] Xiong R., Zhang Z., Shen J., Lin Y., Huang Y., Chrisey D.B., Bubble formation modeling during laser direct writing of glycerol solutions. Journal of Micro- and Nano-Manufacturing, 2015, 3(1): 011004.
[3] Shaheen M.E., Gagnon, J.E., Fryer, B.J., Femtosecond laser ablation of brass in air and liquid media. Journal of Applied Physics, 2013, 113(21): 213106.
[4] Schutzius T.M., Jung S., Maitra T., Graeber G., Köhme M., Poulikakos D., Spontaneous droplet trampolining on rigid superhydrophobic surfaces. Nature, 2015, 527: 82–85.
[5] Wilson K., Homan K., Emelianov S., Biomedical photoacoustics beyond thermal expansion using triggered nanodroplet vaporization for contrast-enhanced imaging. Natature Communications, 2012, 3: 618.
[6] Frost D.L., Dynamics of explosive boiling of a droplet. Physics of fluids, 1988, 31(9): 2554–2561.
[7] Wong Z.Z., Kripfgans O.D., Qamar A., Fowlkes J.B., Bull J.L., Bubble evolution in acoustic droplet vaporization at physiological temperature via ultra-high speed imaging. Soft Matter, 2011, 7(8): 4009–4016.
[8] Liang G., Mudawar I., Review of drop impact on heated walls. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017, 106: 103–126.
[9] Crafton E.F., Black W.Z., Heat transfer and evaporation rates of small liquid droplets on heated horizontal surfaces. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004, 47(6–7): 1187–1200.
[10] Wang B.B., Wang X.D., Chen M., Xu J.L., Molecular dynamics simulations on evaporation of droplets with dissolved salts. Entropy, 2013, 15(4): 1232–1246.
[11] Wang B.B., Wang X.D., Duan Y.Y., Chen M. Molecular dynamics simulation on evaporation of water and aqueous droplets in the presence of electric field. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014, 73: 533–541.
[12] Long L.N., Micci M.M., Wong B.C., Molecular dynamics simulations of droplet evaporation. Computer Physics Communications, 1996, 96(2–3): 167–172.
[13] Holyst R., Litniewski M., Heat transfer at the nanoscale: Evaporation of nanodroplets. Physical Review Letters 2008, 100(5): 055701.
[14] Zhang J., Leroy F, Müller-Plathe F., Evaporation of nanodroplets on heated substrates: a molecular dynamics simulation study. Langmuir, 2013, 29(31): 9770–9782.
[15] Elgowainy A., Ashgriz N., Microexplosion of emulsified fuel drops. Energy, 2000, pp. 32–37.
[16] Esmaeeli A., Tryggvason G., Computations of explosive boiling in microgravity. Journal of Scientific Computing, 2003, 19(1–3): 163–182.
[17] Albernaz D., Do-Quang M., Amberg G., Multirelaxation- time lattice Boltzmann model for droplet heating and evaporation under forced convection. Physical Review E, 2015, 91(4): 043012.
[18] Nugent S., Posch H.A., Liquid drops and surface tension with smoothed particle applied mechanics. Physical Review E, 2000, 62(4): 4968.
[19] Meleán Y., Sigalotti L.D.G., Hasmy A., On the SPH tensile instability in forming viscous liquid drops. Computer Physics Communications, 2004, 157(3): 191–200.
[20] Sigalotti L.D.G., López H., Adaptive kernel estimation and SPH tensile instability. Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 2008, 55(1): 23–50.
[21] Yang X., Liu, M., Peng S., Smoothed particle hydrodynamics modeling of viscous liquid drop without tensile instability. Computers & Fluids, 2014, 92: 199–208.
[22] Sigalotti L.D.G., Troconis J., Sira E., Peña-Polo, F., Klapp J., Smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of evaporation and explosive boiling of liquid drops in microgravity. Physical Review E, 2015, 92: 013021.
[23] Lucy L.B., A numerical approach to the testing of the fission hypothesis. The Astronomical Journal, 1977, 82: 1013–1024.
[24] Van der Waals J.D., The thermodynamic theory of capillarity under the hypothesis of a continuous variation of density. Journal of Statistical Physics, 1979, 20(2): 200–244.
[25] Sigalotti L.D.G., Troconis J., Sira E., Peña-Polo F., Klapp J., Diffuse-interface modeling of liquid-vapor coexistence in equilibrium drops using smoothed particle hydrodynamics. Physical Review E, 2014, 90: 013021.
[26] Winkelmann J., The liquid-vapour interface of pure fluids and mixtures: application of computer simulation and density functional theory. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 2001, 13(21): 4739.
[27] Pütz M., Nielaba P., Effects of temperature on spinodal decomposition and domain growth of liquid-vapor systems with smoothed particle hydrodynamics. Physical Review E, 2015, 91: 032303.
[28] Ashurst W.T., Holian B.L., Droplet formation by rapid expansion of a liquid. Physical Review E, 1999, 59(6): 6742.
[29] Knuth E.L., Henne U., Average size and size distribution of large droplets produced in a free-jet expansion of a liquid. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 1999, 110(5): 2664–2668.
[30] Perez D., Lewis L.J., Ablation of solids under femtosecond laser pulses. Physical Review Letters, 2002, 89(25): 255504.
[31] Needham C.E., Blast wave propagation in blast waves. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010, pp. 87–99.
[32] Liu M.B., Liu G.R., Lam K.Y., Investigations into water mitigation using a meshless particle method. Shock Waves, 2002, 12(3): 181–195.
文章导航

/