Simplified Numerical Models of the Unsteady Tip Leakage Flow in Compressor

展开
  • 1. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
    2. China Three Gorges Investment Management Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200124, China
    3. Key Laboratory of Aerodynamic Noise Control, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China

网络出版日期: 2023-11-26

基金资助

This investigation is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51976116), National Science and Technology Major Project (No. j2019-ii-0006-0026), and the Open Research Subject of Key Laboratory of Aerodynamic Noise Control (No. ANCL20230201).

版权

Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023

Simplified Numerical Models of the Unsteady Tip Leakage Flow in Compressor

Expand
  • 1. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
    2. China Three Gorges Investment Management Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200124, China
    3. Key Laboratory of Aerodynamic Noise Control, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China

Online published: 2023-11-26

Supported by

This investigation is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51976116), National Science and Technology Major Project (No. j2019-ii-0006-0026), and the Open Research Subject of Key Laboratory of Aerodynamic Noise Control (No. ANCL20230201).

Copyright

Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023

摘要

压气机中的叶尖泄漏流会导致流动堵塞和效率损失,并显著影响现代航空发动机流动稳定性。本文概述了叶尖泄漏流研究意义,通过比较不同湍流模型,再次证实大涡模拟(LES)可平衡计算精度和计算成本,较为准确的计算锐缘处涡脱落的非定常特征。鉴于叶尖泄漏流的本质是压差驱动下的射流,本文采用了两种简化的泄漏流模型,应用于某多级轴流压气机中诱发声共振的叶尖非定常泄漏流研究中。之前的试验中监测到的声共振频率为5.22倍转频(RF),二维降维模型计算得到的组合频率等于5.232RF,三维简化模型计算的组合频率为5.316RF。由于模型计算结果与试验结果的相对误差小于2.0%,本文证明了简化模型的可行性,为以后研究叶轮机械叶尖泄漏流的非定常特征提供了研究支撑。

本文引用格式

SI Changxin, WU Zihao, LIU Xiaohua . Simplified Numerical Models of the Unsteady Tip Leakage Flow in Compressor[J]. 热科学学报, 2023 , 32(6) : 2386 -2399 . DOI: 10.1007/s11630-023-1907-7

Abstract

Tip leakage flow (TLF) in compressors, which can cause flow blockage in blade passage and induce efficiency loss, is also a potential threat to the unsteady flow stability of modern aeroengines. This paper provides an overview of the significance of tip leakage flow research, and introduces relevant previous studies. After calculating by different methods, large eddy simulation (LES) is demonstrated again as a suitable compromise between accuracy and computational cost for the unsteady flow study. Two types of simplified tip leakage flow models using LES are adopted with a focus on the unsteady characteristics of shedding vortices in a cavity plane. This paper applies these models to study the unsteady tip leakage flow which triggers the onset of acoustic resonance in a multistage axial compressor. Compared with the detected acoustic resonance frequency of 5.22 rotational frequency (RF) in the previous experiment, the computed combination frequency in the 2-D model is equal to 5.232RF, and the simplified 3-D unsteady tip leakage flow model results in a combination frequency of 5.316RF. Therefore, based on the small relative error between model results and experimental results, the simplified numerical models are validated to be sufficiently accurate, and theoretically provide a useful basis for the subsequent research of unsteady tip leakage flow in turbomachinery.

参考文献

[1] Liang T., Liu B., Spence S., et al., Numerical investigation into the effects of tip clearance on the performance of a counter-rotating axial flow compressor. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, 2020, 13(5): 1587–1599.
[2] Mailach R., Lehmann I., Vogeler K., Rotating instabilities in an axial compressor originating from the fluctuating blade tip vortex. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2000, 123(3): 453–460.
[3] Shen X., Zhang D., Xu B., et al., Comparative study of tip leakage vortex trajectory and cavitation in an axial flow pump with various tip clearances. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2022, 36(3): 1289–1302.
[4] Du J., Lin F., Zhang H., et al., Numerical investigation on the self-induced unsteadiness in tip leakage flow for a transonic fan rotor. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2010, 132(2): 021017.
[5] Kan X., Wu W., Zhong J., Effects of vortex dynamics mechanism of blade-end treatment on the flow losses in a compressor cascade at critical condition. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2020, 102: 105857.
[6] Tian Q., Simpson R., Experimental study of tip leakage flow in the linear compressor cascade: Part i-stationary wall. 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, United States, 2007.
[7] Fukano T., Jang C., Tip clearance noise of axial flow fans operating at design and off-design condition. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2004, 275(3): 1027–1050.
[8] Kameier F., Neise W., Experimental study of tip clearance losses and noise in axial turbomachines and their reduction. Journal of Turbomachinery, 1997, 119(3): 460–471.
[9] Qiao W., Wang L., Duan W., et al., Theory, model and method of aero-engine aeroacoustic design. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2021, 42(1): 10–38.
[10] Cyrus V., Rehak K., Polansky J., Unsteady flows in the last stator rows of axial compressor of gas turbine working in coal gasification combined cycle. Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, New York, United States, 2006.
[11] Hellmich B., Acoustic resonance in a high-speed axial compressor. Leibniz Universitat Hannover, Germany, 2008. 
[12] Hong Z., Zhao G., Yang M., et al., Development of flow-induced acoustic resonance in aeroengine compressors. Acta Aeronautica et Aerodynamica Sinica, 2019, 40(11): 023139.
[13] Chen G.T., Greitzer E.M., Tan C.S., et al., Similarity analysis of compressor tip clearance flow structure. Journal of Turbomachinery, 1991, 113(2): 260–269.
[14] Gao Y., Liu Y., A flow model for tip leakage flow in turbomachinery using a square duct with a longitudinal slit. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2019, 95: 105460.
[15] Wheeler A.P., Sandberg R.D., Direct numerical simulations of a transonic tip flow with free-stream disturbances. ASME Turbine Blade Tip Symposium, Hamburg, Gemany, 2013.
[16] Maynard J.M., Wheeler A.P.S., Taylor J.V., et al., Unsteady structure of compressor tip leakage flows. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2022, 145(5): 051005.
[17] Shang W., Li D., Luo K., et al., Effects of tip clearance size on vortical structures and turbulence statistics in tip-leakage flows: A direct numerical simulation study. Physics of Fluids, 2021, 33(8): 085127.
[18] Yang D.G., Li J.Q., Liang J.M., Sound generation induced by self-sustained oscillations inside cavities based on CFD and aeroacoustic theory. ACTA Aerodynamica Sinica, 2010, 28(6): 724–730.
[19] Boudet J., Caro J., Li B., et al., Zonal large-eddy simulation of a tip leakage flow. International Journal of Aeroacoustics, 2016, 15(6–7): 646–661.
[20] Bai X., Cheng H., Ji B., LES investigation of the noise characteristics of sheet and tip leakage vortex cavitating flow. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2022, 146: 103880.
[21] Decaix J., Balarac G., Dreyer M., et al., RANS and LES computations of the tip-leakage vortex for different gap widths. Journal of Turbulence, 2015, 16(4): 309–341.
[22] Gao Y., Liu Y., Lu L., Modification of realizable k-e model for tip-leakage flow in an axial compressor rotor. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2019, 40(3): 505–512.
[23] Sun W., Assessment of advanced rans turbulence models for prediction of complex flows in compressors. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2023, 36(9): 162–177.
[24] Cao T., Kanzaka T., Xu L., et al., Tip leakage flow instability in a centrifugal compressor. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2019, 143(4): V02BT44A003.
[25] Zeinali M., Abbasi S., Aghdam A.H., Commencement and development processes of flow unsteadiness at tip clearance region of a low speed axial compressor rotor blade row. Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 61(4): 288–295.
[26] Su W.T., Li X.B., Li F.C., et al., Comparisons of LES and RANS computations with piv experiments on a cylindrical cavity flow. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 5: 592940.
[27] Emmanuel S.O., Large-eddy simulation of flow in a compressor cascade with tip clearance using ansys cfx code. University College London, London, 2009. 
[28] Chen X., Björn K., Martin L., et al., Comparison of turbulence modeling for a compressor rotor at different tip clearances. AIAA Journal, 2021, 60(2): 1–13.
[29] Zhao L., Wu D., Yuan Y., et al., Numerical simulation and noise analysis of a flow over an open cavity. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2009, 30(11): 1859–1862.
[30] Liu X., Willeke T., Herbst F., et al., A theory on the onset of acoustic resonance in a multistage compressor. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2018, 140(8): 0081003.
[31] Pardowitz B., Tapken U., Sorge R., et al., Rotating instability in an annular cascade: Detailed analysis of the instationary flow phenomena. ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, San Antonio, United States, 2013.
[32] Wu Z., An investigation on the onset mechanism of acoustic resonance in a multistage compressor. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, 2022.

文章导航

/