Optimization of the Swept Volume Ratio between the Compressor and the Active Displacer in an Efficient 20 K Thermal-Coupled Two-Stage Pulse Tube Cryocooler

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  • 1. Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3. Nantong Academy of Intelligent Sensing, Nantong 226000, China

网络出版日期: 2023-11-26

基金资助

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51806231), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB35000000).

版权

Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023

Optimization of the Swept Volume Ratio between the Compressor and the Active Displacer in an Efficient 20 K Thermal-Coupled Two-Stage Pulse Tube Cryocooler

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  • 1. Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3. Nantong Academy of Intelligent Sensing, Nantong 226000, China

Online published: 2023-11-26

Supported by

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51806231), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB35000000).

Copyright

Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023

摘要

调相机构作为脉管制冷机的重要部件,通过调节压力波与质量流的相位关系,改善整体相位,以提高整机效率。采用主动调相的调节方式相对于常见的惯性管气库调相、多路旁通、双向进气而言,具有更广泛的相位调节角度,更容易获得最优的相位关系,具有研究意义。本文针对一台20 K温区热耦合两级脉管制冷机,研究压缩活塞和主动调相活塞之间的位移行程(即扫气体积比)和相位差对制冷量和制冷效率的影响规律,分析调相活塞运动状态对压力波与质量流相位关系及声功分布的影响,以获得主活塞与调相活塞的最优关系。在主压缩机活塞扫气体积一定的情况下,存在最优调相活塞行程2.5 mm和最优相角差15°,使得制冷机获得最高的制冷效率,此时,在20 K有最大制冷量1.3 W,二级压缩机输入电功202 W,整机rCOP达到0.055。另外,由于预冷温度和预冷量可调节,两级系统整机的最优制冷量和最优效率对应的扫气体积比和相位可以是相同的。研究提高了对调相器的理解,并对20K工作的两级脉管制冷机优化具有一定的指导作用。

本文引用格式

YIN Wang, LIU Shaoshuai, SONG Jiantang, WU Wenting, HUI Hejun, JIANG Zhenhua, LI Nanxi, ZHU Haifeng, WU Yinong . Optimization of the Swept Volume Ratio between the Compressor and the Active Displacer in an Efficient 20 K Thermal-Coupled Two-Stage Pulse Tube Cryocooler[J]. 热科学学报, 2023 , 32(6) : 2155 -2165 . DOI: 10.1007/s11630-023-1887-7

Abstract

As an important component of the stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler (SPTC), an efficient phase shifter can significantly improve the cooling capacity. Compared to the common phase shifter, the active warm displacer (AWD) has a wider phase adjustment range and therefore can obtain a better phase relationship easily. Based on a two-stage thermal-coupled SPTC operating in the 20 K range, this paper studied the influence of the swept volume ratio between the compressor and displacer. The research found that the swept volume ratio changes the cooling capacity and efficiency of the cryocooler mainly by changing the phase difference between the pressure wave and the volume flow at the cold end. It was found from the results of the simulation and experiments that there is an optimal displacement of the displacer (Xd) of 2.5 mm and an optimal phase angle of 15° to obtain the highest cooling efficiency while the displacement of the compressor is constant. The cooling capacity at 20 K is 1.3 W while the input electrical power of the second stage compressor is 202 W, which indicates an overall relative Carnot efficiency (rCOP) of 0.055 in terms of input electrical power. In addition, due to the reasonable setting of precooling temperature and capacity, the swept volume ratio and phase at the maximum cooling capacity and maximum efficiency are consistent in this study. The research improves the understanding of phase shifters and has guiding significance for the optimization of the SPTC working below 20 K.

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