Thermal Protection Characteristics of Novel Multi-Hole Opposing Jet Configurations

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  • Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

网络出版日期: 2026-01-05

基金资助

This work is supported by Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program.

版权

Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026

Thermal Protection Characteristics of Novel Multi-Hole Opposing Jet Configurations

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  • Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Online published: 2026-01-05

Supported by

This work is supported by Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program.

Copyright

Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026

摘要

逆向射流技术对于在大气层内长航时飞行的高速飞行器能够提供优异的气动热防护效果。然而,单孔逆向射流技术存在一定局限性,包括对射流压力要求较高且机动性不足。为此,本文提出了一种新型多孔逆向射流方案,该方案由位于驻点的主孔射流和在驻点下游的多个低压辅孔射流组成。研究结果表明:布置在主孔回流涡以内的辅孔能够有效抑制主孔射流再附,进而可降低主孔再附区的峰值热流;较小尺寸的辅孔在其下游形成的回流涡能够有效附壁,从而在不同辅孔射流压力下均能实现高效防热。通过构建并排与错排多孔逆向射流构型,计算结果表明在相同的射流质量流量下,多孔逆向射流的峰值热流能够较单孔射流降低11.7%。当存在来流攻角时,多孔布局可较等流量的单孔射流降低12.2%的峰值热流。这些结果表明低压多孔逆向射流方法在防热与改善机动性上的有效性,展现出了较好的工程适用性。

本文引用格式

XU Haonan, LI Xueying, REN Jing . Thermal Protection Characteristics of Novel Multi-Hole Opposing Jet Configurations[J]. 热科学学报, 2026 , 35(1) : 62 -81 . DOI: 10.1007/s11630-026-2224-8

Abstract

The opposing jet technique has the potential to provide superior aerothermal protection for long-term high-speed flight in the atmosphere. However, the single-hole opposing jet has certain limitations, including a high requirement for jet injection pressure and inadequate maneuverability. To overcome this, a novel multi-hole opposing jet concept has been proposed, comprising a primary hole located at the stagnation point and multiple secondary holes located downstream. The findings indicated that a secondary hole positioned inside the primary jet recirculation vortex can inhibit primary jet flow reattachment and mitigate peak reattachment heat flux. A smaller secondary hole could impede the lift-off effect of the downstream vortex, facilitating efficient heat reduction at various jet injection pressures. The side-by-side and staggered multi-hole opposing jet configurations were established, which demonstrated an efficacy in reducing the peak heat flux by 11.7% statistically compared to a single-hole injection at the same mass flow rate. When an incoming angle of attack was presented, the multi-hole arrangement exhibited a further peak heat flux reduction of 12.2% by statistical analysis. The results underscore the effectiveness of multi-hole configurations with low-pressure injection in reducing heat and enhancing maneuverability, while demonstrating stronger engineering applicability than traditional combined thermal protection systems without structural compromises or flow instability risks.

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