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2025 , Vol. 34 >Issue 5: 1672 - 1691

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-025-2153-y

Extinction Dynamics with the Underlying Physics of Ammonia and Ammonia/Hydrogen Spherical Diffusion Flames in Micro-Gravitational Condition

  • KANG Yinhu ,
  • LIU Junkun ,
  • HUANG Xiaomei ,
  • WU Pengfei ,
  • JIANG Zhijing ,
  • ZHANG Jiuyi ,
  • LU Xiaofeng
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  • 1. Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400044, China 
    2. Chongqing Changan Automotive Software Technology Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China 
    3. School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China 
    4. College of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

网络出版日期: 2025-09-01

基金资助

The present research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 22178032), the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (Grant No. CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX1045), and National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFB4004404).

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Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
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Extinction Dynamics with the Underlying Physics of Ammonia and Ammonia/Hydrogen Spherical Diffusion Flames in Micro-Gravitational Condition

  • KANG Yinhu ,
  • LIU Junkun ,
  • HUANG Xiaomei ,
  • WU Pengfei ,
  • JIANG Zhijing ,
  • ZHANG Jiuyi ,
  • LU Xiaofeng
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  • 1. Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400044, China 
    2. Chongqing Changan Automotive Software Technology Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China 
    3. School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China 
    4. College of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

Online published: 2025-09-01

Supported by

The present research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 22178032), the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (Grant No. CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX1045), and National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFB4004404).

Copyright

Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
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摘要

氨气作为替代燃料对于实现碳中和战略具有重要意义，但是氨气的可燃范围窄，传播速度慢，稳定性差，燃烧强度弱，极易与燃烧室内物理边界，扩散输运等过程产生耦合作用，进而形成振荡诱导熄火。研究人员通常采取掺混氢气的方法改善氨气燃烧难题，因此，研究氨气/氢气的熄火动力学及物理机制，对于氨气燃烧过程调控及燃烧器稳燃设计具有重要意义。传统熄火研究都是从稳态平衡的角度揭示熄火机理，本文从瞬态振荡的角度入手，研究火焰形成增幅振荡的物理化学机制，揭示了氨气/氢气球形扩散火焰(SDF)的熄火机理。数值模拟发现，氨/氢SDF火焰振荡不稳定性与扩散泄漏损失和竞争反应之间的相互作用相关；最高温度处的化学振荡是产生近极限燃烧振荡的主要原因；在富燃低温区内，虽然当地产热不明显，但强烈的扩散损失对熄火起主导作用；熄火极限和振荡频率主要取决于导热过程以及NH3，H2和O2的扩散过程。掺氢可以显著拓展氨气SDF火焰的熄火极限，降低振荡频率。本研究成果有利于深入认知氨气火焰的熄火机理，以寻求高效，可靠的燃烧稳定手段；另外，相关方法也为研究和认知流动稳定性，燃烧过程中的临界现象，提供了一种全新的视角。

关键词： ammonia; hydrogen; oscillatory extinction; spherical diffusion flame; flammability limit

本文引用格式

KANG Yinhu , LIU Junkun , HUANG Xiaomei , WU Pengfei , JIANG Zhijing , ZHANG Jiuyi , LU Xiaofeng . Extinction Dynamics with the Underlying Physics of Ammonia and Ammonia/Hydrogen Spherical Diffusion Flames in Micro-Gravitational Condition[J]. 热科学学报, 2025 , 34(5) : 1672 -1691 . DOI: 10.1007/s11630-025-2153-y

Abstract

The utilization of ammonia as an alternative fuel is of great significance in the carbon neutrality strategy. However, the ammonia flame extinction mechanism induced by growing oscillations with its cramped flammability range, sluggish propagation speed, and poor stability is still not studied in sufficient details. In this paper, the high-fidelity simulations with efficient continuation computation and detailed models are conducted to investigate the ammonia extinction dynamics as a function of hydrogen blending ratio, and to reveal the governing sub-processes in flame extinction and oscillation development. It is found that the extinction and onset of oscillatory instability in the ammonia/hydrogen spherical diffusion flame (SDF) derive from the interaction of competing chemistry with diffusive leakage losses. Chemical oscillations occurring at the maximum temperature iso-contour are primarily responsible for the near-limit flame oscillations. In the rich-side low-temperature region, although the local heat production is inappreciable, the strong diffusive losses with governing, adverse contributions to the ignition chemistry play a leading role in flame extinction. The reactions dominating the extinction limit are also important for the oscillation frequency; the reactions that help to extend the extinction limit also tend to increase the frequency, and vice versa. The extinction limit and frequency depend mainly on the major reactant diffusivities (including NH3, H2, and O2) and heat conduction, while the diffusivities of other radicals and products are fairly unimportant. Hydrogen addition could remarkably extend the steady-state and oscillatory extinction limits of ammonia SDFs, and reduce the oscillation frequency since the imaginary eigenvalue is depressed.

Key words： ammonia; hydrogen; oscillatory extinction; spherical diffusion flame; flammability limit

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