Numerical Study on the Energy Dissipation Characteristics in a Francis Turbine Using Entropy Production Method

  • XU Tianyu ,
  • CHENG Quanjie ,
  • SONG Ke ,
  • HU Xiucheng
展开
  • 1. School of Hydraulic and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
    2. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
    3. Yunnan Huadian Jinsha River Hydropower Development Co. Ltd., Kunming 650228, China

网络出版日期: 2025-07-04

基金资助

This work was supported by the Basic Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Universities (2023-KYYWF-1452), Yunnan Fundamental Research Project (Grant No. 202501AT070072), and the Xingdian Talent Support Program of Yunnan Province (Grant No. XDYC-QNRC-2023-0159).

版权

Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025

Numerical Study on the Energy Dissipation Characteristics in a Francis Turbine Using Entropy Production Method

  • XU Tianyu ,
  • CHENG Quanjie ,
  • SONG Ke ,
  • HU Xiucheng
Expand
  • 1. School of Hydraulic and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
    2. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
    3. Yunnan Huadian Jinsha River Hydropower Development Co. Ltd., Kunming 650228, China

Online published: 2025-07-04

Supported by

This work was supported by the Basic Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Universities (2023-KYYWF-1452), Yunnan Fundamental Research Project (Grant No. 202501AT070072), and the Xingdian Talent Support Program of Yunnan Province (Grant No. XDYC-QNRC-2023-0159).

Copyright

Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025

摘要

本文将熵产理论与数值模拟相结合,对混流式水轮机的能量耗散特性进行了分析。探究了不同工况下水轮机各部件熵产的分布规律,对混流式水轮机内部水力损失进行了详细的分析。结果表明,水力损失主要分布在转轮和尾水管区域,蜗壳和导叶区域的水力损失相对较小。本研究进一步探讨了这些损失背后的形成原因。在转轮区域,熵产主要集中在叶道的进口区域,以及转轮叶片的压力面和吸力面。转轮区水力损失的主要原因是叶道内涡结构的运动。在尾水管区域,水力损失主要发生在直锥段和弯肘段的壁面。尾水管内存在回流现象,是造成尾水管区水力损失的主要原因。本文可为探讨混流式水轮机水力损失的影响因素提供一定的理论参考。

本文引用格式

XU Tianyu , CHENG Quanjie , SONG Ke , HU Xiucheng . Numerical Study on the Energy Dissipation Characteristics in a Francis Turbine Using Entropy Production Method[J]. 热科学学报, 2025 , 34(4) : 1328 -1340 . DOI: 10.1007/s11630-025-2120-7

Abstract

The paper utilizes a combination of entropy production theory and numerical simulation to analyze the energy dissipation of Francis turbines. The distribution law of local entropy production rate (LEPR) in various components of hydraulic turbines is explored under different operating conditions. A detailed examination of hydraulic losses within the Francis turbine reveals that the primary contributors are the runner and draft tube, with comparatively smaller losses occurring in the spiral casing and guide vane areas. The study further explores the formation reasons behind these losses. Within the runner area, the LEPR mainly concentrates in the inlet area of the blade channel, as well as the pressure and suction surfaces of the runner blades. The main reason for hydraulic losses in the runner area is the movement of vortex structures in the blade channel. Within the draft tube area, the hydraulic losses mainly occur on the walls of the straight cone section and the elbow section. There is a backflow phenomenon in the draft tube, which is the main reason for hydraulic losses in the draft tube area. This article can provide a certain theoretical reference for exploring the influencing factors of hydraulic losses in hydraulic turbines.

参考文献

[1] Li X.Z., Chen Z.J., Fan X.C., et al., Hydropower development situation and prospects in China. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018, 82: 232–239.
[2] Xiao L., Wang J., Wang B.L., et al., China’s hydropower resources and development. Sustainability, 2023, 15: 3940.
[3] Tian X.Y., Cheng L., Jiao W.X., et al., Analysis of internal flow characteristics and entropy generation of low head bulb tubular pump. Frontiers in Energy Research, 2023, 11: 1183086.
[4] Dai C., Dong L., Lin H.B., et al., Hydraulic performance comparison of centrifugal pump operating in pump and turbine modes. Journal of Thermal Science, 2020, 29: 1594–1605.
[5] Gong R.Z., Wang H.J., Chen L.X., et al., Application of entropy production theory to hydro-turbine hydraulic analysis. Science China (Technological Sciences), 2013, 56: 1636–1643.
[6] Yu A., Li L.W., Ji J.J., et al., Numerical study on the energy evaluation characteristics in a pump turbine based on the thermodynamic entropy theory. Renewable Energy, 2022, 195: 766–779.
[7] Hou H.C., Zhang Y.X., Zhou X., et al., Optimal hydraulic design of an ultra-low specific speed centrifugal pump based on the local entropy production theory. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A-Journal of Power and Energy, 2019, 233: 715–726.
[8] Deng Y.X., Xu J., Li Y.N., et al., Research on energy loss characteristics of pump-turbine during abnormal shutdown. Processes, 2022, 10: 1628.
[9] Shen S.M., Qian Z.D., Ji B., Numerical analysis of mechanical energy dissipation for an axial-flow pump based on entropy generation theory. Energies, 2020, 12: 4162.
[10] Li D.Y., Gong R.Z., Wang H.J., et al., Entropy production analysis for hump characteristics of a pump turbine model. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 29: 803–812.
[11] Lin P.F., Yang T., Xu W.B., et al., Influence of different offset angles of inlet guide vanes on flow characteristics of centrifugal pump. Frontiers in Energy Research, 2022, 10: 818244.
[12] Li Y.J., Zheng Y.H., Meng F., et al., The effect of root clearance on mechanical energy dissipation for axial flow pump device based on entropy production. Processes, 2020, 8: 1506.
[13] Yu Z.F., Wang W.Q., Yan Y., et al., Energy loss evaluation in a Francis turbine under overall operating conditions using entropy production method. Renewable Energy, 2021, 169: 982–999.
[14] Yan X.T., Kan K., Zheng Y., et al., Entropy production evaluation within a prototype pump-turbine operated in pump mode for a wide range of flow conditions. Processes, 2022, 10: 2058.
[15] Zhao Y.Q., Li D.Y., Chang H., et al., Suppression effect of bionic guide vanes with different parameters on the hump characteristics of pump-turbines based on entropy production theory. Energy, 2023, 283: 128650.
[16] Yu A., Wang Y.S., Zhou D.Q., Vortex evolution and energy production in the blade channel of a Francis turbine operating at deep part load conditions. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, 2021, 14: 1669–1678.
[17] Lu Z.H., Tao R., Yao Z.F., et al., Effects of guide vane shape on the performances of pump-turbine: A comparative study in energy storage and power generation. Renewable Energy, 2022, 197: 268–287.
[18] Tang Q.H., Yu A., Wang Y.S., et al., Numerical analysis of vorticity transport and energy dissipation of inner-blade vortex in Francis turbine. Renewable Energy, 2023, 203: 634–648.
[19] Xin T., Wei J., Li Q.Y., et al., Analysis of hydraulic loss of the centrifugal pump as turbine based on internal flow feature and entropy generation theory. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2022, 52: 102070.
[20] Ghorani M.M., Haghighi M.H.S., Maleki A., et al., A numerical study on mechanisms of energy dissipation in a pump as turbine (PAT) using entropy generation theory. Renewable Energy, 2020, 162: 1036–1053.
[21] Yu Z.F., Yan Y., Wang W.Q., et al., Entropy production analysis for vortex rope of a Francis turbine using hybrid RANS/LES method. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2021, 127: 105494.
[22] Schmandt B., Herwig H., Internal flow losses: A fresh look at old concepts. Journal of Fluids Engineering- Transactions of the ASME, 2011, 133: 051201.
[23] Kock F., Herwig H., Local entropy production in turbulent shear flows: a high-Reynolds number model with wall functions. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004, 47: 2205–2215.
[24] Li D.Y., Wang H.J., Qin Y.L., et al., Entropy production analysis of hysteresis characteristic of a pump-turbine model. Energy Conversion and Management, 2017, 149: 175–191.
[25] XU T.Y., Cheng Q.J., Lin C.J., et al., Study on flow characteristics of Francis turbine based on Large-Eddy Simulation. Water, 2023, 15(19): 3372.
[26] Wang F.J., Tang X.L., Chen X., et al., A review on flow analysis method for pumping stations. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2018, 49: 47–61, 71. (in Chinese)
[27] Eca L., Hoekstra M., Numerical aspects of including wall roughness effects in the SST k-ω eddy-viscosity turbulence model. Computers & Fluids, 2011, 40: 299–314.
[28] Aftab S.M.A., Rafie A.S.M., Razak N.A., et al., Turbulence model selection for low Reynolds number flows. PLOS One, 2016, 11: e0153755.
[29] Trivedi C., Cervantes M.J., Gandhi B.K., et al., Experimental and numerical studies for a high head Francis turbine at several operating points. Journal of Fluids Engineering-Transactions of the ASME, 2013, 135: 111102.
[30] Yang F., Li Z.B., Hu W.Z., et al., Analysis of flow loss characteristics of slanted axial-flow pump device based on entropy production theory. Royal Society Open Science, 2022, 9: 211208.
[31] Jin F.Y., Tao R., Zhu D., et al., Transient simulation of the rapid guide vane adjustment under constant head of pump turbine in pump mode. Journal of Energy Storage, 2023, 56: 105960.
[32] Zhu D., Xiao R.F., Tao R., et al., Impact of guide vane opening angle on the flow stability in a pump-turbine in pump mode. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 2017, 231: 2484–2492.
[33] Jin Z.Q., Song X.J., Zhang A.F., et al., Prediction for the influence of guide vane opening on the radial clearance sediment erosion of runner in a Francis turbine. Water, 2022, 14: 3268.
文章导航

/